Dostoyevsky ‘Notes from Underground’ Critique Essay

â€Å"Notes from Underground† was published in 1864 as a feature presentation of his first 1860 issue â€Å"The Epoch†. â€Å"Notes from Underground† was written by the author during a time when he faced many challenges in his life. Dostoyevsky faced failure in the publishing of his first journal â€Å"Time†, his financial position was becoming weaker and embarrassing. Moreover, his wife was dying and his conservatism was eroded leading to a decline in his popularity with the liberal reading Russians and consequently, he became the focus of attack by the radical and liberal press (Fanger 3). Therefore, this research seeks to find how the author presents the aspect of â€Å"underground man† and how he approached Charles Darwin’s thoughts of man in â€Å"Origin of the†¦show more content†¦By the time the author had completed writing â€Å"Notes from Underground† the society had moved to liberalism and abandoned reasoning and en lightenment (Frank 35). This is clearly represented in this novel since by the end, as the author concluded that there was more to man than enlightenment and reasoning. The underground man is an educated, literate, forty year old financially stable man, who, lives in a modern society. As the novel progresses, the underground man remembers the days he used to work without any affection. The man lives now alone in a place described as unattractive where he is completely cut off from friends and family (Fanger 5). This situation provides an indication of the troubles underground man is going through for they do not arise from work, money problems or the lack of social interaction opportunities. This man has money, is educated and has plenty of social interaction opportunities but he’d rather remain in his solitude, Dostoevsky shows that in all respect the man has reached enlightenment (Frank 36). The problems of underground man are all concerned with what is happening to him from the inside. This man is suffering from a disease that arises from his lack of feeling completely healthy. Though the novel has depicted many medical discussions on doctors, liver problems, medicines, the real disease is emotional distress. The entire first section of the book is about how emotionally troubled the undergroundShow MoreRelatedEnglish Literature- an Episode in the Life of an Author5918 Words   |  24 Pagesirrational universe. Jean Paul Sartre’s â€Å"no exit† Presents three people locked into a situation from which there is no escape and who eventually realize that â€Å"hell is other people.† Existentialism and absurd theater present alienation-The loss of sustaining religious belief. -The sense of anxiety and guilt. -The growing conviction that life was at bottom meaningless. Central to the existentialism. Critique of the traditional idea that within each individual has an â€Å"essence† A universal, defining characteristics

Characters Representing Major Ideas and Themes Free Essays

A Raisin In the Sun by Lorraine Handovers, the Younger family Is faced with many big issues and themes that affect African Americans in the 1 ass’s. These overlying themes appear in the form of individuals In the play, even for those characters that play only minor roles. George Morison, Wily Harris, and Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Characters Representing Major Ideas and Themes or any similar topic only for you Order Now . Liners each represent different obstacles that the Youngster’s must overcome in order to follow their dreams and trust what is in their hearts. This is Handlebars way of telling her readers to not be afraid to follow their dreams, even If there are obstacles In your path, because If they don’t then they will be worse off than ever before. George Morison is the living example of assimilation culture and it’s destructive tendencies toward your native culture and heritage. He dresses like whites, acts like whites, and puts more value on money than on thoughts and culture. Beneath witnesses this transformation occurring in her brother, and it angers her. She feels pressured by society to assimilate. George has merged with the American White Majority Ideals and has no difficulty in doing so, which deeply rubles Beneath, who believes that if you lose your heritage, you in turn lose yourself. George gets incredibly aggravated whenever Beneath mentions how she feels on the topic of Assimilation, and finally George can’t listen any longer to her and snaps, â€Å"Let’s face it, baby, your heritage is nothing but a bunch of raggedy- eased spirituals and some grass huts! (Handovers, 81) Beneath is trying to find herself by rediscovering her culture, while George Is separating himself from his as much as possible. This huge difference between the two Is the mall reason behind Beneath slice of him and love of Sagas, who fully embraces his culture. He helps her overcome modern society’s expectations and dance to her own drumbeat, therefore giving her a way to find herself. The pressure to assimilate into society and become â€Å"acceptable† to others is shown in Beneath, but has already won over George. Even though Wily Harris never even steps onto the stage, his dark presence hangs over the family, as he took the $6,500 that was left of Big Walter’s money. He did the taking, and left the Younger â€Å"token†, representing people who exploit others who are desperate and helpless. Wily and others like him take advantage of people like the Younger who have no experience or way of getting help if they fall into a bad situation, but will trust someone to help them out because they are desperate enough to try to achieve their dreams anyway. In stealing the money, Wily Harris destroys Walter’s last hope for a good future. Walter explains after he hears the bad news of the stolen money how he thinks the world works and what he has concluded from the experience: â€Å"Life is just like it is. Who gets and who don’t get†¦ Mama, you know it’s all divided up†¦ Between the takers and the â€Å"token†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Mom of us always getting token†¦. I’ll say one thing for old Wily Harris. He’s taught me something. He’s taught me to keep my eye on what counts in this world. Yeah- Thanks, Wily! † (Handovers, 141) By this point, Walter has realized that his dream Is not going to happen, and Wily has left him devastated. But amidst all these distraught what really counts, not money, not social status, but love, his family, his wife, and his son. The kind of love that made big Walter work to death for his family. This realization pulls him together, and finally becomes a man and gives Mama and Ruth their dream of owning a house. It seems that people like Wily Harris gravitate to people in poor circumstances with big dreams and little experience. Walter overcomes this disastrous event, but the memory that he could have done better in business and made something of himself will probably haunt him forever. Mr.. Liners is Just one man, but he represents thousands of people, the white majority, and their intense prejudice against blacks and other minorities. Prejudice and racism was still everywhere in the sass’s, even though slavery was gone. The views that people like Mr.. Liners harbor are keeping the Younger and other minority groups oppressed and unable to rise up to their full potential. Liners expresses his frustration with the Younger after Walter refuses his offer for the first time, â€Å"What do you are going to gain by moving into a neighborhood where you Just aren’t wanted†¦ People can get awful worked up when they feel that their whole way of life and everything they’ve ever worked for is threatened. â€Å"(Handovers, 199) Liners says the one thing that the white majority has been thinking. He tells the Younger very simply that they are not wanted. This kind of hostility has nothing to do with any f these peoples personalities, Jobs, or morals, i t is solely because they are not white and therefore are deemed not good enough to be with whites. The family overcomes this prejudice by asking Mr.. Liners back. Walter tells him that they will move into the house, and they will be good neighbors, therefore giving the Whites the first punch if they want to take it, as he will do nothing to them, because he states that the family has a right to live there Just as much as anyone else. Prejudice affected the Younger through the voice of one man, but through the minds of many. But they anally overcome their fear of it and move into the house at Closure Park. Throughout this play, Handovers is constantly using symbolism, and not only does she do it through objects, but through people as well. She shows us how all of these complicated issues are gathered together in one tiny apartment and how this can destroy dreams Just by stepping into the room that is the sass’s. By using characters like George, Wily, and Mr.. Liners, we get a real sense of what people are willing to do to achieve their goals, be accepted, and keep things how they have always been. The Younger overcome each of these with their love and their dreams. How to cite Characters Representing Major Ideas and Themes, Papers

Evaluation of Lewis Model-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Outline and Evaluate the value of the Lewis Model to Understanding Growth in a Labour Surplus Economy. Answer: Introduction This essay discusses on dual sector Lewis model, which focuses on the migration of labour between two sectors. Two sectors described in the Lewis model are capitalist sector and subsistence sector. One is rural agricultural sector and other is urban manufacturing sector. The characteristics of subsistence sector are low wage and unlimited supply of labour (Lewis 1954). On the other hand, there is labour shortage in capitalist economy and hence, wage rate is higher. Capitalist or the industrial sector absorbs the surplus labour of the rural sector for sustainable development. Wage rate in the Lewis model is determined by the average productivity in the agriculture. Moreover, Lewis model tells that surplus labour disappears from the traditional sector with the integration of the traditional economy with modern industrial economy. Economic growth and labour supply In the subsistence sector or the D sector has unlimited supply of labour. Hence, the wage rate in this sector is less than the wages in C or the industrial sector. The modern sector develops absorbing labour from traditional sector. In the agricultural sector, marginal products become zero after a certain point; recruiting labour beyond that point causes total output to fall. Hence, the surplus labour exists in the traditional sector, as shifting one unit of labour does not reduce output of that sector. On the other hand, wage rate is high due to shortage of labour. Bargaining power of workers through trade union keeps the wage rate at higher level (Athukorala, Prema?chandra and Zheng 2017). However, according to Lewis, wages in the industrial sector remains constant and the capitalists earn surplus. The surplus labour migrates to the modern industrial sector in search of job. The disguised unemployed workers get job in the industrial sector. Consequently, output in the modern sector expands and surplus generated. The surpluses are further reinvested in the economy. As industrial sectors have both backward and forward linkages, output growth in one sector leads to the increase in demand in the other related sectors. In the view of Naud (2013), speed of expansion depends on the rate of investment and capital formation in the economy and in that sector. Although wage is constant in the urban areas, this is higher compared to the rural wage. Higher wage induces agricultural workers to migrate to the urban areas in search of jobs. In this way, a modern sector expands with increment in employment to restore economic growth. Greater employment implies greater aggregate demand, further increase in national output and growth of the economy. Figure 1: Production function in the traditional sector (Source: created by author) The above figure shows that the traditional sector employing labour more than up to the highest point of the total production curve. At the highest point of the total productivity curve, marginal product of labour is zero. Further increase in labour in the production process, reduces total output due to inefficiency of the labour and absence of resource. Hence, after point L1, transfer of any labour improves productivity of the traditional sector and the employment of that worker can improve productivity of the scarce sector (Lewis, Ethan and Peri 2014). This migration of labour leads to autonomous expansion in the demand, government purchases and the expansion of different sectors of the economy. Discussion on the sectors of the model Two sectors in the Lewis model are capitalist (C) and the subsistence sector (D). The characteristics of the traditional D sector are low wage, unlimited supply of labour and existence of the small-scale industries along with agricultural sectors. Existence of disguised unemployment or the surplus labour is significant feature of this sector. Market is less competitive due to absence of product differentiation and the market meets only the local community needs. Another feature is that the marginal productivity (MP) of labour is less than the subsistence wage level. On the other hand, the capitalist (C) or the modern sector is characterised by shortage of labour and hence higher wage for labour. However, wage is fixed at a level as assumed by Lewis. Other important features are free and competitive market. Demand is greater for the specialised labour. This modern sector expands absorbing surplus labour of the D sector. Generally large scale industries and MNCs operate in this sector. Surpluses generated in this sector are reinvested for capital formation and expansion of the sector. Labour in this sector is employed at the point MP = real wage (Yang et al. 2016). Consequence of migration of labour Developing countries are traditionally agricultural based economies. In the view of Fei and Ranis, three stages can occur due to migration of labour in a developing economy. At stage 1, MPL = 0 SW (Ratha, Soonhwa and Seyed 2015). Marginal productivity of labour is less than the subsistence level of wage at this stage when disguised unemployment exists in the agricultural sector in absolute terms. At stage II, when the modern sector starts to absorb the surplus labour, subsequently the wage rate in that sector starts to rise. At this stage, 0 MPL WS and surplus labour starts to shrink. At the stage III, when rate of migration in the modern sector increases due to higher wage, labour supply in the agricultural sector falls below L1. Marginal productivity of the labour becomes greater than subsistence wage and hence, wage rate in the traditional sector starts to rise (Ehrenberg, Ronald and Robert 2016). As the wage rate raises in the traditional D sector, standard of living of the wor kers increases and leads to the rising aggregate demand for the consumer goods and several industrial products. Rising demand for industrial products causes expansion of the C sector. Deficit of labour in the C sector is thus filled by the D sector through migration of labour. On the other, with increasing congestion of workers in the urban areas, demand for food and agricultural products increases. The workers buy the food at market price. Initially, demand for agricultural product is locally bound and from the stage II of turning point, the demand from products rises from urban areas and for export to the international market. Third stage is the Lewis turning point, when agricultural labour are commercialised. Hence, agricultural sector expands also along with the modern industrial sector. However, a wage gap exists between skilled and unskilled workers in the urban area. Economic benefits and values of migration of labour In the view of Nathan (2014), as labour and capital are complementary to each other, surplus labour and low capital reduce investment in the agricultural sector. Economic benefit in the economy is realised when employment increases, investment in the economy rises to expand different sectors in the economy. Increase in employment in one hand expands the output a sector by using additional labour in production process. Additional labour is productive as far as marginal productivity is rising to complement capital. Migrant labour contributes to the flexibility of labour market in a labour surplus developing country. Young migrants are better educated and skilled compared to workers nearly retirement. Any sector can use human capital in more efficient way with young workers. In the words of Lewis (2013), young workers contribute to the economy in terms of productivity, taxes and social contributions in comparison to the benefits they receive from government. Young people can be easily m otivated and encouraged for innovation in the product market. Innovation enhances marginal productivity of capital or labour. Economic growth of Chinese economy over the periods 1965 -2009 can be attributed to the development of non agricultural sector, which is driven by rapid migration of labour and capital formation. China has a Lewisian Dualistic economic development over a long period of time. Chinese economy was agrarian economy predominantly. Surplus labour existed in that sector with low productivity. During 1978, rural liberalisation released labour from rural economy to promote market economy. Economic activities increase with the expansion of labour as seen in the Chinese economy. Increase in supply of labour makes labour market competitive in the market economy to make wage rate at competitive level. Workers want to get themselves employed at minimum wage where there is surplus labour in the economy. Low wage induces firms to employ more labour. As a result, non agricultural sector develops rapidly. Chinese economy envisaged rapid economic growth since 1990 due to increase in total factor produc tivity (Ercolani and Zheng 2011). When productivity of one sector boosts, ability of this sector swells to supply in the international market after meeting domestic needs. As a result export increases to enhance the export sector. A structural change occurs in the economy. Economic reform of China facilitated the economic transition. GDP grows as a result of increasing economies of scale. Rise in employment reduces poverty level of the developing economy. As described earlier, third turning point leads to the commercialisation of the agricultural sector. Commercialisation raises the demand for food products in the urban market. However, accumulation of labour results in the unemployment in the sector due to existence of skill gap. However real wage of the existing employees increases. Conclusion This above essay has described that migration of labour leads to the greater trade in products and services by expanding non agricultural sector of the economy. This paper has examined the impact of the Lewis model on the economy. Transition of an economy starts with the migration of labour from traditional agriculture based economy to the modern industrial economy. Modern sector expands by absorbing surplus labour of the agricultural or traditional sector. Surplus workers move to the urban economy in search of jobs in the industrial sector for higher wage. Wage level in the urban sector decreases with increase in labour supply. Wage rate in the agricultural sector also increases due to commercialisation of the agriculture. Both the agricultural and industrial sector develops with absorption of surplus labour. However, there is argument regarding equalisation of wages as the wage gap exists in the labour market due to presence of skilled and unskilled labour. Surplus labours in the t radition economy are employed in the modern sector and for first few units output rises rapidly. Structural changes occur in the economy due to transition from agricultural to industrial economy. References Athukorala, Prema?chandra, and Zheng Wei. "Economic Transition and Labour Market Dynamics in China: An Interpretative Survey of the Turning PointDebate."Journal of Economic Surveys(2017). Ehrenberg, Ronald G., and Robert S. Smith.Modern labor economics: Theory and public policy. Routledge, (2016). Ercolani, Marco, and Wei Zheng. "An Empirical Analysis Of ChinaS Dualistic Economic Development: 19652009".Mitpressjournals.Org. https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ASEP_a_00108 (2011). Lewis, Ethan, and Giovanni Peri.Immigration and the Economy of Cities and Regions. No. w20428. National Bureau of Economic Research, (2014). Lewis, W. Arthur. "Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labor". The Manchester School (1954). 22: 13991. Lewis, W. Arthur.Theory of economic growth. Vol. 7. Routledge, (2013). Nathan, Max. "The wider economic impacts of high-skilled migrants: a survey of the literature for receiving countries."IZA Journal of Migration3, no. 1 (2014): 4. Naud, Wim. "Entrepreneurship and economic development: Theory, evidence and policy."Browser Download This Paper(2013). Ratha, Dilip, Soonhwa Yi, and Seyed Reza Yousefi. "Migration and development."Routledge Handbook of Immigration and Refugee Studies1, no. 3 (2015): 260. Yang, Jin, Hui Wang, Songqing Jin, Kevin Chen, Jeffrey Riedinger, and Chao Peng. "Migration, local off-farm employment, and agricultural production efficiency: evidence from China."Journal of Productivity Analysis45, no. 3 (2016): 247-259.

Wounded Essay Example For Students

Wounded Essay We hear about gruesome things all the time. We are sympathetic for the people they happen to but then we shrug it off and move on. No one ever stops to think that those gruesome things could one day happen to us. I know I never did. I was molested by my grandfather when I was about eleven. I can honestly say I dont remember my exact age or the date for that matter because I tried to block the whole incident out of my head. That wasnt an easy task. I felt like anyone who looked at me knew what had happened. I felt very transparent and vulnerable. As time progressed I began to slowly disconnect myself from my friends and family. I sank into a deep depression. Nothing made me happy, and if I ever was happy it was only momentarily. I began to live my life just wishing it would end. I made it through each day half asleep; in a daze. Everything seemed hopeless. Which is exactly how I felt. We will write a custom essay on Wounded specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Time went on and I met someone who really cared about me. Someone who I wanted to care about too. And I slowly let myself. But I feared getting in over my head. He assured me he wouldnt hurt me and that his love was genuine. I was so frightened to get too close to someone. Not because I thought I would have to relive the nightmare I once endured, but because I had this overwhelming fear of being betrayed. My grandfather had left me wounded. As time moved on I began to open up more. The boy I was so afraid to love gave me the courage to love someone. He gave me strength to move on. I will never forget what happened to me. No matter how hard I try to erase it from my mind, it will always be a part of me. But Im learning to cope with it and Im focusing on my future more. Its true what they say, that all wounds heal. My wounds are healing slowly but I know I will always have a scar. Words/ Pages : 381 / 24

John Marshall The Frist Chief Justice essays

John Marshall The Frist Chief Justice essays The author gave many details about John Marshalls life. John Marshall was a Virginian by birth, up-bringing, disposition, and property. His thirty-four years as Chief Justice of the United States overshadowed hisearly life, yet the Chief Justice always remained what his early years had made of him. The words of his youth left enduring marks upon his character (1). John Marshall was the son of Thomas Marshall and Mary Randolph Keith. The eldest of fifteen children, he was born September 24, 1755, in his familys little cottage in Prince William County, Virginia. When John was ten, his father decided that they were going to move into a valley in the Blue Ridge Mountains called The Hollow, almost thirty miles from the house where they lived. John spoke of his father as a man who possessed scarcely any fortune, and who had received a very limited education; but he was a man to whom nature had been bountiful, and who had assiduously improved her gifts. The books were very h ard to take care of and were very expensive.The Marshalls had a house Bible, but other than that, they had almost no books to refer to. Young John Marshallreceived a very limited education, a one-year study of the classics at fourteen and a few months study undera private clergyman. John's father, Thomas, was a good friend with George Washington. Washington had a library thathe let John use, and the books were very helpful. From his father, John acquired an early taste for historyand poetry. John would accompany his father to court on court day as a part of his education;the Marshall family had decided that John would be a lawyer. John went to William and Mary College where he attended the law lectures of George Wythe. John Marshall joined the Culpeper Minute Men and was chosen as the lieutenant. John's grandfather on his mother's side had been one...

Chemistry Lab Safety Contract

Chemistry Lab Safety Contract This is a chemistry lab safety contract that you can print or assign for students and parents to read. Chemistry lab involves chemicals, flames, and other hazards. Education is important, but safety is the top priority. I will behave responsibly in the chemistry lab. Pranks, running around, pushing others, distracting others and horseplay may result in accidents in the lab.I will perform only the experiments authorized by my instructor. It can be dangerous to make up your own experiments. Also, performing additional experiments may take resources away from other students.I will not eat food or drink beverages in the lab.I will dress appropriately for chemistry lab. Tie back long hair so it cant fall into flames or chemicals, wear closed-toe shoes (no sandals or flip-flops), and avoid dangling jewelry or clothing that could pose a hazard.I will learn where the lab safety equipment is located and how to use it.I will notify my instructor immediately if I am injured in the lab or splashed by a chemical, even if no injury is apparent. Student: I have reviewed these safety rules and will abide by them. I agree to abide by the instructions given to me by my lab instructor. Student Signature: Date: Parent or Guardian: have reviewed these safety rules and agree to support my child and the teacher in creating and maintaining a safe lab environment. Parent or Guardian Signature: Date:

Psychological Route to War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Psychological Route to War - Essay Example The act of war is a decision with the ultimate consequence. With such magnitude that comes with the declaration of war, it becomes imperative to understand the political and historical context that comes with such a decision. "The constitution makes the President Commander in chief of the armed forces but requires that Congress appropriate all money for the military. The president appoints ambassadors, but the Senate must confirm them. The president can sign treaties, but they have no meaning unless the Senate, by a two-thirds vote, ratifies them. Congress must 'declare' war, but the United States has often gone to war without any formal declaration. The reason is simple: America backs its fighting forces, and when they are put in harm's way, Congress pays their bills," (Wilson p.348). With such insurmountable risks at hand, the psychological reasoning behind resorting to a declaration of war to resolve conflict is an imperative idea to assess and analyze. To have one person be given the Godly role of placing people in a perilous situation, the psychology of what leads them there is tantalizing to contemplate. Humans by nature find themselves at one point in their lives being in the position of having to make a decision that has ramifications of monumental proportion. Psychology Today writes that, "War is probably the second most popular activity with the human race," says psychologist Lawrence LeShan, Ph.D., author of the recently published book, The Psychology of War (Helios Press, 2002). "Making love," he concedes, "is the first." In his book, LeShan argues that war's popularity stems from its unique ability to resolve two major psychological needs. It fulfills our sense of independence by assigning it a purpose, and it fulfills our need for community by establishing boundaries between 'us' and 'them,'" Adding that, "We say we love peace, but it doesn't actually excite us," says LeShan. "Even pacifists talk more about the horrors of war than the glories of peace." Battle generates perceptions so attractive that they can shift people from a rational perspective to one of "war mode," the idealized perception of crusading against evil. But as LeShan notes, After it's all over, you might have solved one problem, but you won't have solved all of the m," (Allen p.1). Humans, as a sign of their nature, can find themselves letting their subconscious desires filter into the decision making capabilities of their logical mindset on the outside. It is those unspoken desires which can lead the person into the most dangerous situations, with the direst of conclusions, or lead them into the most amazing of successes. In the end, as it comes down to it, the chips ultimately fall wherever they may and it is up to whomever is at the helm to make the important decisions with only their natural resolve, as well as the conviction of their psyches, to guide them as best as they see fit at the present time. To assess the psychological reasoning behind the act of declaring war, one must

BUSINESS MODELS AND PLANNING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

BUSINESS MODELS AND PLANNING - Essay Example From the case study it was evident that company alpha engaged in seven business model innovations in which only 4 were successful. Amongst the remaining three, the company either succeeded or failed in their operations. From the case study it was evident that only the innovations which involved exploitation of existing technology and the development and exploitation of technology based products encouraged the success. The company’s failure was attributed to lack of desired quality and standards and that the market was small for the company’s turnover. On the other hand company beta only managed 3 business innovations two of which were successful while the other one failed. Success to the business model was due to acquisition and exploitation of new technology. However, the failure was due to a new product entrant into the market which faced severe completion that squeezed it out. To innovate in business model means that a company must be able to engage in mergers and acquisitions which reduces the company’s competitiveness? In addition to this, innovations in business model also require that companies are able to acquire or embrace new technology that exists within the business environment. From the research conducted between company alpha and beta it is evident that success only came when the companies involved in business models which involved acquisition of new technology and development. For example, company alpha engaged in seven business model innovations in which only 4 were successful. Only the innovations which involved exploitation of existing technology and the development and exploitation of technology based products encouraged the success. The case was similar to company beta which involved in only 3 business innovations and only two succeeded. Innovation is a rigorous process that involves companies to

Great Little Box Company Case Study Essay Example for Free

Great Little Box Company Case Study Essay Problem Statement Idea Points The company’s original informal, simple structure has moved on to an organic structure has now outgrown itself. How does GLBC implement a structural revival and still retain and absorb customers in a market that is no longer suffering an economic down turn. How can this new structure be used against the competition in a global market How do we influence and delegate various levels of Authority and Legitimate power to employees to further organizational efficiency How do we implement different concepts of power type to our current and future organizational design? With the acquisition of new companies, interorganizational conflict will arise. Structural and personal factors lead to conflict in organizations. What key factors can we work on to heighten Emotional Intelligence? Symptoms We can see that the company started as a small structure. The power was in the hands of Robert Meggie † taking orders to making sales calls to running one of the machines and shipping out the completed orders.† Expert Power has been implemented through the hiring of a recently laid off salesperson from one of its largest companies (supply shipping first). The member of the organization â€Å"Upped our business 80 percent overnight† – and highlighted the importance of a strong sales force Eventually Meggie required the skills and expertise of another person (for sales and marketing) Meggie was then responsible only for administration and production (we can see a change into a slightly more divisional structure, based on the services) * Administration * Production *Marketing *Sales The Six types of OD structures can fall under two comprehensive categories (Mechanistic and Organic) we can identify GLBC as being closer to the organic side. (No one company can be purely be from one side or the other) We can see that size is increasing for the company (Absorption of Parrot Label (label capabilities), Vanisle Packaging (P provider on Vancouver Island), and Action Box Company (Lead provider of protective packaging in BC). This also forwards the Formalization and Specialization of the company. This in turns decentralizes decision-making. The past economic downturn had the small, agile company cut into an edge in the market. However, the now growing expansion has the need for strategic leader ship that can facilitate access to the company’s capabilities and knowledge. We do not have any type of standardization information present for this company. We have nothing that points to identification of a standardization of company management. (Rules, Policies, Documentation) As the company is continuing to grow, centralization is also growing. This is demonstrated by the monthly meetings that Meggie administers. The information shared is a vehicle of empowerment for the people below him at the various locations. Meggie also meets with everyone twice a year in groups, to provide â€Å"a state of the nation† (Centralized Authority Structure) It is possible to assume that as the complexity of the structure increases, so does the political element of the strategic decision processes- As the company grows Meggie may be faces with a problem where he may have to balance efficiency orientation and the quality orientation of the organization. Problem Analysis Information Technology and communication systems can lead to interworking with the company. These companies are less hierarchical and more engaged into external networking. This will deter a delay in decision-making, and increase the quality of the decisions being made. The right information is meeting with the right people. And no one is being overloaded with data. Coordinating plans can be not as effective in a changing structure, if the it is designed poorly GLBC at times may experience powerlessness can due to existing staff being grouped with newly acquired companies, and experience conflict. (Changing OD Structure) We must share power between people to project empowerment to the people? Information Power is the access and control to information that can be used by managers to establish power. We should use current technologies to share the proper information to the right people A high level of Vertical Differentiation must be in place for the organization to consider growing in size (global market). Horizontal Differentiation must be at a level where the needs of the customers are met by the specific Organizational Units (domestic and foreign operations). Conflict can arise from the improper grouping of processes. Refer to page 253 (Technology) Formalization, specialization, standardization, and centralization. – Must allow the proper authority to make key decisions, but allow the parent firm to allow the goals of the organization to be in check at the same time. Page 253 (Size) Structural Factors can lead up to a cause of conflict in an organization. We can identify this through the specialization of companies that have been absorbed by GLBC. In a big box company, Interdependence will become prevalent. All the groups rely on each other to create the finished product. It one section where to fail, it will be easy for one of the groups to blame another group.( Negative Consequences ) Functional Conflict – Can be used to promote new solutions to problems and promote creativity. Recommended Solutions We want to lead up to a semi autonomous system. Where organizations can self-manage and controls themselves. o The negative consequence in choosing this route is the possibility if a section of the company to lose track of the focus of the company. o A section might be given so much freedom that they can lead to a huge economic loss in not in check o Can be positive due to authority based decisions to be transferred completely to another autonomous unit, thus having speed and being unhampered by politics. o Delegation of tasks (Semi-Autonomous) will always answer to the organization but still be allowed to do its own thing Authority, Legitimate Power – Can be deployed to specific people with the use of information technology (For an example, Microsoft Domain Networks with separate Organizational Units) the proper people with have the proper knowledge, (The higher ups can be exposed to more but not actually work with it, people lower in the hierarchy can see less but more action orientated with it. (Goal setting mechanism)) o Very similar to authority, Based on mutual agreement of the structure and the target. We must make it visible to all workers, who is where and what they can do. o The negative side is that, people can choose to ignore people they do not respect. And later be swayed by referent power (They persons charisma) o It’s crucial to identify the group’s main source of authoritative inspirations and deploy someone who can meet the power needs. o A engineer is more likely to Expert Power and Reward Power more than the other power types. We can tell this by their personality type ENTJ INTP (Intuitive types). Perhaps even if we have a lot of EN** we can find a charismatic person that can a lot of expert power J If we cannot show a proper power structure to a changing organization, we may find people attempt to resort to political power to gain power. For an example, character assassinations. People may start to take favourites or put down people that will not help them achieve their power goals. -People may try to gain people under a personal agenda book -Make themselves look socially better -Influence people without using power ethically To deter this, again legitimate power can be instilled Vertical Differentiation – We have to have solid management with Authority. Progression up the company is clear and hierarchical. Communication flows vertically up and down Disadvantages We have individual containers for each section of a geographical area that is in charge of it owns sales, BUT Production is to remain consistent across all locations to have the brand product remain the same. The respective marketing is left up to the location is thus does not have to answer to the higher ups CEO in the company. This will prevent information overloading with the OD. The (Project Manager) will have the ability to work in two difference areas. As a regular projects manager in the Marketing Dept and as a functional Production manager. The right people to complete the tasks will be pulled from the locations thus leading to a organisations intimacy through the location. Also this provides for a need for achievement and affiliation. People will not feel like they are stuck in a certain area. In addition, the ability to flex positions would be present. Once they task is completed staff can be returned or combined with several structures creating a hybrid entity.

George Herbert s Poem, The Windows Essay -- George Herbert The Window

George Herbert 's Poem, "The Windows" Word Count Includes Poem A key theme found throughout the Bible is that of God being glorified through the actions of people who are full of imperfections. One such example is King David, the greatest of the Israelite kings. He sinned against God in sleeping with Bathsheeba and then having her husband killed on the battlefield. (II Samuel 11) Yet he is still commonly seen as a champion of the Jewish faith. George Herbert took this theme of God glorifying Himself through human frailty and incorporated it into his poem, "The Windows." As a metaphysical poet, Herbert puts most of the meaning of the poem into a deeper level. Herbert does this by choosing words that contain several different meanings, all of which serve to further exemplify the theme, in such areas as human imperfection, God’s love and finally, the effect upon people of God showing Himself to them through the lives of others. Herbert begins by asking God the question of how it is possible that man can "preach thy eternal word." He is not asking how it is possible for the words to form, or for the thoughts to be put together. The reason that he asks is because of his awareness of his own human imperfections. He calls man "a brittle, crazy glass." On the surface level, he is saying that a perfect man, such as Adam, would be like a smooth pane of glass, but each sin man commits, is like putting another crack into it. Herbert chose these words specifically though, in order to re-emphasize the point of man’s complete inadequacy for the job of preaching God’s Word. This is most prominent in "brittle," which, according to the OED, not only means frail and weak, but is also "that which breaks faith; inconsistent, fickle." This is placed ... ...e twice as long. Instead, Herbert models his diction after that found in the Bible so that there are multiple layers of meaning and understanding. Only when one takes the time to fully research and delve into it will they truly be able to appreciate what is written. The Windows By: George Herbert Lord, how can man preach thy eternal word? He is a brittle, crazy glass, Yet in thy temple thou do him afford This glorious and transcendent place, To be a window, through thy grace. But when thou dost anneal in glass thy story, Making thy life to shine within The holy preachers, then the light and glory More reverent grows, and does win Which else shows watr’ish, bleak, and thin Doctrine and life, colors and light, in one When they combine and mingle, bring A strong regard and awe; but speech alone Doth vanish like a flaring thing, And in the ear, not conscience ring. George Herbert 's Poem, The Windows Essay -- George Herbert The Window George Herbert 's Poem, "The Windows" Word Count Includes Poem A key theme found throughout the Bible is that of God being glorified through the actions of people who are full of imperfections. One such example is King David, the greatest of the Israelite kings. He sinned against God in sleeping with Bathsheeba and then having her husband killed on the battlefield. (II Samuel 11) Yet he is still commonly seen as a champion of the Jewish faith. George Herbert took this theme of God glorifying Himself through human frailty and incorporated it into his poem, "The Windows." As a metaphysical poet, Herbert puts most of the meaning of the poem into a deeper level. Herbert does this by choosing words that contain several different meanings, all of which serve to further exemplify the theme, in such areas as human imperfection, God’s love and finally, the effect upon people of God showing Himself to them through the lives of others. Herbert begins by asking God the question of how it is possible that man can "preach thy eternal word." He is not asking how it is possible for the words to form, or for the thoughts to be put together. The reason that he asks is because of his awareness of his own human imperfections. He calls man "a brittle, crazy glass." On the surface level, he is saying that a perfect man, such as Adam, would be like a smooth pane of glass, but each sin man commits, is like putting another crack into it. Herbert chose these words specifically though, in order to re-emphasize the point of man’s complete inadequacy for the job of preaching God’s Word. This is most prominent in "brittle," which, according to the OED, not only means frail and weak, but is also "that which breaks faith; inconsistent, fickle." This is placed ... ...e twice as long. Instead, Herbert models his diction after that found in the Bible so that there are multiple layers of meaning and understanding. Only when one takes the time to fully research and delve into it will they truly be able to appreciate what is written. The Windows By: George Herbert Lord, how can man preach thy eternal word? He is a brittle, crazy glass, Yet in thy temple thou do him afford This glorious and transcendent place, To be a window, through thy grace. But when thou dost anneal in glass thy story, Making thy life to shine within The holy preachers, then the light and glory More reverent grows, and does win Which else shows watr’ish, bleak, and thin Doctrine and life, colors and light, in one When they combine and mingle, bring A strong regard and awe; but speech alone Doth vanish like a flaring thing, And in the ear, not conscience ring.

Huxley vs. Orwell

Both authors describe a society the t is futuristic, however, they both have descriptions that mirror our world today. Huxley created a world where people were trained to love certain things. Huxley feared that there would be no reason to ban a book because there would be no one interested in reading books. In the book Brave New World, people weren't raised by their parents, in fact they didn't even have parents. Babies were made in a factory where they would take one egg and split it however many times they wanted to.They coo old make up to nineteen identical twins from just one egg. The story started out with a gar pup of dents receiving a tour of the London Hatchery and Conditioning Centre fro m a man literally named The Director. â€Å"The Director started by explaining the process b y which the humans were grown inside bottles and then conditioned (brainwashed)† to be live certain â€Å"morals†(Shampoo). English Com 121 In short, what Huxley feared that the future of our government and that the government would give us so information that we would become passive and egotistical.He feared that the truth would be â€Å"drowned in a sea of e). Huxley also was concerned that â€Å"we would become a trivial culture preoccupied with mom equivalent of the fillies, the orgy porgy and the centrifugal bumblebee's'(professorship). I believe what Huxley was saying in that last statement is that he fears that our society will become irrelevant and what we love with be the end of us (Zeroed). Understand his fears and if he could see what our culture is like today I believe that he would be spinning in his grave. 984 is opposite of Brave New World but still follows the dyspepsia like theme. George Orwell wrote 1 984 after some experiences with Nazi and Stalinist stats sees. His book is about government oppression and his worries of how the future would turn out. The world he created was terrifying where wars were fought constantly for no 10th err reason b ut to create shortages of people, terror, and uniformity. The main goal of the go Vermont was to control everyone's thoughts completely.The main character of the story WA s named Winston Smith who is still able to think for himself despite the constant prop agenda and monitoring of everything in his life. Winston Smith lives in Oceania, one of the three countries that split up the entire globe; the other two were Eurasia and East IA. All three countries were lead by Big Brother which was the government in 1984. Big BRB other is always watching and they try to control everyone?s thoughts. In short, Winston n was disgusted by the culture he lives in and decided to keep a diary.He also fell in love with a woman named Julia who is also a rebel; to fall in love someone was a crime(S pa remotes). Orwell feared the people that banned books considering the time period he lie Veda in. He also feared those who would â€Å"deprive us of information and keep the truth h concealed from us†(Zeroed). Orwell worried that we would become a â€Å"captive culture e and controlled by having pain inflicted upon us†(Professorship). Most of all, Row ell feared that our ruin would come because what of we hate; that we would all die of w AR and government oppression (Professorship).There is a lot of debate in literary circles about both of these authors and who right, and more importantly who most accurately describes the current society y we live in. While both authors make very valid points as well as amazing descriptions, the ere are some clear differences. In my research I found a statement by one oftener many fan s that it sums up the similarities and differences of both authors. L believe they're both right, but if you have to choose, then Huxley is the clear winner.If you presume that society runs in circles, slowly stereotyping, like a malfunctioning rocket doing loops as it heads higher in the sky, then Orwell m rely described a single loop of the rocket. On the other hand, Huxley described n tot only his own loop, but what would happen when the rocket ran out of fuel. To put it another way, I believe Orwell correctly described the acts of many government TTS at the time and Huxley correctly described contemporary and future government s† (Macho Man).

Elizabeth looked Essay

Discuss the significance of this statement within the play and the wider political and historical contexts. The play, ‘The Crucible’, portrays a community which is based on paranoid accusations of witchcraft ending in mass hysteria. The accusations led to dozens of alleged witches being prosecuted in the Massachusetts colony; resulting in the death of nineteen people being hung and one pressed to death, over the following two years. Set in the small town of Salem, Massachusetts during 1692, it depicts one man, John Proctor, in his struggle to keep his pride and name from being destroyed with lies, deceit and accusations of consorting with Satan. In 1915 Arthur Miller was born in New York City where he grew up. When he was older, in 1934, he paid for himself to enroll at the University of Michigan and graduated in 1938. Then during 1953 he published ‘The Crucible’ but was then later criticized for being an Anti-American. Arthur Miller was intrigued by the witch trials of the 17th Century Salem, but he was also concerned with United States political events; parts of which were opposing the spread of communism. The McCarthyism era, in 1938, was created and led by Senator Joseph McCarthy, it was on the basis that communism was spreading and would undermine and destroy capitalism. McCarthy gave across the point that communism was to be feared and that it was a threat to America. Slowly Americans seemed to grasp his paranoid ideas and began to eradicate communism from the country. John Proctor’s statement, â€Å"I have given you my soul; leave me my name! † is significant within the play and also outside of it. Proctor was a village person, who lived in a small, friendly community where everybody knows each another and so a name would mean a lot about that person living in that community. For that reason Proctor wishes to keep his name as it is because he believes that it is the only thing he has left to hold onto. Yet outside of the play labels are formed for specific groups such as communists and capitalists. A name has been a strong idea throughout history where Kings are recognised by their names and everyone is given a name at birth. One of the main characters in Arthur Millers play is John Proctor. He was known in Salem as having a high moral status and being a respectable, honest and hard working farmer. John Proctor and his wife Elizabeth Proctor had 3 children; John tended to the farm while Elizabeth looked after the house and children. He had a strong belief that he should stick to what he believes by holding his head high against accusations and immoral justifications. He stands up for himself when he is told to sign the confession papers to be nailed onto the church door and does not let people over come him. â€Å"You will not use me! I am no Sarah Good or Tituba, I am John Proctor! You will not use me! It is no part of salvation that you should use me! † John Proctor is a character who, since the start, denounced the whole proceedings of the Witch Trials unjust and that the afflicted girls were liars. This builds up a life changing dilemma where he is accused of witchcraft and eventually will be hung unless he confesses to working with the devil. One of the choices he could take was to lie; he was to sign his name to a document confirming he performed witchery while in association with Lucifer. This outcome would result in him letting down this wife, children, his friends and even the people who have already been hung for witchery. Although ultimately he would be letting himself down and losing his pride and honour. The other choice he could take was death. Proctor ultimately chooses death as he wanted to hold onto, what was left of, his pride, honour and reputation. During this execution he pleaded for a little respite of time while claiming he was not fit to die. His plea was, of course, unsuccessful. Another main character is Abigail Williams; she is revealed to show her true malicious self as the play progresses.

How to Pronounce the French X

How to Pronounce the French X Generally, the letter x is used in one of two ways in French: by itself or in combination with c (xc). X: Soft Pronunciation The x is pronounced like the x in the English word fix [ks] in two locations: 1) in front of a  consonant  or 2) at the end of a word or syllable.  Listen   Examples: the letter xune experience experience, experimentla taxe tax Exception:  The x at the end of French  numbers such as  six  and  dix  is pronounced like an S. X: Hard Pronunciation Between two vowels in two different syllables, the x is pronounced [gz] as in exit. ListenException:  The x in  xà ©rà ¨s  is pronounced [gz]. Examples:   le xylophone xylophoneexact exact, correct Liaison  or  Enchaà ®nement In  pronunciations that involve  liaison  or  enchaà ®nement, x is pronounced like a z. XC: Soft Pronunciation In front of a  soft vowel xc is pronounced [ks], like the soft x  pronunciation in which the c is essentially silent. Listen to  excentrà ©. Examples: excellent excellentexcentrà © outlying XC: Hard Pronunciation In front of a hard vowel or a  consonant,  xc is pronounced [ksk], like the soft x plus a hard c. Essentially, they are pronounced individually according to their traditional rules. Listen to  express.   Examples:   excusez-moi excuse meexclamation exclamationexpress espresso

Business Plan Of Castle Family Restaurant

Business Plan Of Castle Family Restaurant This is the business plan of Castles Family Restaurant located in the north California. It has the eight branches in different location. Total 340 employees are working in the restaurant. There is part time as well as full time employees working in it so the need for recruitment and hiring on continual basis required by restaurant. The manager operations and HR manager Jay Morgan need to face the problem related to HRM related to visit in all branches on weekly basis, managing the large number of employees of different branches, managing their payroll system, scheduling and their queries with out delay of time and in cost effective way. HR consultant is hired to coop with all these HR issues of the restaurant. The business plan includes different HR reforms in order to problem resolution. HRIS is considered the key towards the accomplishment of restaurant goals and to meet the HR requirements. Different types of HRIS are identified and the important types of HRIS that fit on the sce nario and can help to resolve the HR issues at is facing by Restaurant is analyzed and methodology of its proper implementation is suggested. Comparison of different types shows that restaurant needs to implement the payroll and employee self support management software in order to coop with daily basis HR issues. Ascentis software Vendor Company is recommended in order to install the successful implementation of HRIS in the restaurant in order to meet the HR needs of the company and provide the successful implementation of solution to the HR manager of restaurant. Introduction The paper is related to the business plan of Castle family restaurant, which is the restaurant situated in the North California. It is the family owned restaurant and it has multiple branches in different locations. The business plan represent the document summarize the Castle family restaurant current business operations related to HR functionality of restaurant’s manager Jay Morgan who is the operati on manager of his branch and carry out the Hr functions of other multiplication branches. I as the HR consultant of Jay Morgan is required to present the business plan to identified the HR problems that currently restaurant is facing, important HRM system need to be installed in order to meet the HR requirement of the company, comparison of different HR techniques in order to identify the best technique for the restaurant and sought out the current issues related to HR functions of Castle’ family Restaurant. The most important thing here is the implementation of information system to effectively carry out the HR activities of the restaurant. Company Review Castle’s Family Restaurant is basically medium sized company. It is a family owned restaurant. Total Eight branches are there located in different location naming Dunsmuir Avenue, Eureka, Parkview Redding-Shasta County, and Yreka-Siskiyou County. Castle’s Family Restaurant is providing services to the larger n umbers of customers. The restaurant carries out their working in different areas and integrates the system of food chain and employees through its manager Jay Morgan who has performed dual responsibilities, one is the responsibility of operation manager and the other one is HR manager. Morgan has to closely manage the HR operations of various branches of restaurant with close consideration and integration of employees working in different branches. Almost 340 employees are working in the restaurant with 40 % of employees are full time weather the remaining are part time employees. The need for the part time is increasing so the recruitment and hiring of part time employees is the issue on regular basis. In the reality the tasks to manage the HR functions of various branches without the implementation of technological advance system is difficult and to some extend impossible to perform in effective manner.

Biology - Prader-Willi Syndrome Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Biology - Prader-Willi Syndrome - Research Paper Example It was first described by Andrea Prader and Heinrich Willi in 1956. It is a rare genetic disorder in which seven genes or some subsets are deleted, translocated or unexpressed on the paternal chromosome 15. For the genes affected in PWS, the paternal copy is expressed while the maternal one is silenced. The PWS genes are maternally imprinted making the copy inherited from the father active. With this copy absent in PWS due to chromosomal translocation, both copies are imprinted in the maternal realm making the normal genes absent. Therefore people with PWS have a working and a non-working copy. The characteristics of PWS are stunted development in the intellectual functioning same as those associated with intellectual disability. A chronic feeling of hunger that can lead to excessive hunger and life –threatening obesity arises. Then there is a likelihood of strange behavior or complications that may have effect on ones quality life or on the family members negatively. These ch aracteristics draw the quest for scientific research because the genes which are not expressed and thought to be responsible for the disorder are imprinted. PWS is an example that shows the function of imprinted genes in development. This knowledge has led to extensive research about imprinted genes, their occurrence and process of imprinting. There are two different genotypes for PWS which ultimately lead to two phenotypes, causing the need to understand the causes of the phenotypic differences, identifying the gene and their products and discern whether they are imprinted or no (Butler 12). However, the effects of the syndrome vary from individual to individual and on different factors. This has made the exact nature of the abnormality and whether one or more genes are involved to be unknown. Some physical and behavioral features are inherently present while others are not. The syndrome poses major implications for the developing baby in the uterus and throughout the personâ€℠¢s life. At birth there is extreme floppiness and subsequent cognitive, physical and behavioral abnormalities that eventually lead to widespread medical and social needs. Information on the disorder is got from parents whose children have ever developed it, or medical practitioners who have had such a case. The following are clinical features and signs of PWS at different levels of development: In utero, there is decrease in fetal movement, frequent abnormal fetal position and seldom excessive amniotic fluid, a condition known as polyhydramnios. At birth, there is often caesarian births, difficulties in feeding due to poor muscle tone affecting the sucking process, and respiratory difficulties. At infancy level, the difficulties in feeding advances, oversleeping is evident, crossed eyes and delay in intellectual development. At childhood there are notable delays in speech production, overeating from the age of 2-4 years leading to excessive weight gain and sleeping problems. At adol escence, puberty delays, obesity sets in followed by extreme flexibility and a short physique. In adulthood, infertility is common in males and females, vulnerability to diabetes mellitus, learning disabilities, obesity and reduced growth of pubic hair. The general physical appearance of a PWS adult victim comprise the following characteristics: incomplete sexual development, excess fat on the central part of the body, high, narrow forehead, small hands and feet, light skin and hair unlike other family members, and delayed motor development (Waters 85). Cognitively, PWS patients have low or below average intelligent quotient that is generally unusual. Children portray a high visual and perception capacity on reading and writing with poor articulatory and understanding processes. Coordinating received information word by word is relatively hard for them as well as poor arithmetic skills, leading to memory lapses and auditory retention span. Abnormal behavioral patterns include insati able appetite resulting in increased obesity. The cause for

Why are adjusting entries necessary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Why are adjusting entries necessary - Essay Example A situation that requires an adjustment entry is when an amount in the accounting records of the company has already been recorded but the amount is realized that it is far more than the current accounting period. Consequently, there are other situations that the adjusting journal entries may be required before the company issue the financial statements for example a situation when there is nothing that has been entered into the accounting records for a particular expense or revenue that did occur and require that they are included in the income statement and the balance sheet of the current period. Another situation is when some amount of money has already been entered in the accounting records but it needs to be divided between two or more accounting periods. Adjusting entries are used to measure income and financial position of the company or organization in a very useful and relevant way. For example if the management of the company would wish to know the much they earned during the last few months or years and even its liabilities and assets at particular date. This makes it a necessary reason for making the entries that will indicate the actual and realistic positions to the users. The procedure for making these adjustments and entries must be complete and consistent at the end of each accounting period (Lypko, 2013). Therefore the accountants must ensure that they make these adjustments by analyzing thoroughly the accounts and determine which account requires adjustment. Adjusting entries allows financial statements to be compared through different accounting periods (matching rule). Management of the company can use the adjustment entry journal to analyze whether the company is making progress in terms of earning profits or improving its financial position. For example if the accrued salary expense for a given month is

International economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International economics - Essay Example However, the entire practice of import and export has been subjected to multiple trade policies and regulations to maintain international harmony and restrain a control over international trade practices. Over time and under specific conditions, the structuring of the trade practices has also evolved (Davis, 1995). Considering all these aspects, this discussion focuses on analysing the type of commodities imported and exported by Singapore between the periods of 2010 to 2013 to find their alignment with the established international trade practices. The discussion emphasizes multiple crucial facts regarding the international trade practice carried out by Singapore in developing a better competitive advantage. In addition to all these, considerable amount of focus will also be laid on the tariff plans that are being imposed on the goods being imported in Singapore. Supportive facts such as worth of Singapore currency internationally will also be provided in the discussion. A considerable amount of focus needs to be provided on the fact that majority of the goods that are being imported in Singapore are tax-free excluding some of the liquor based commodities. Moreover, by analysing the trading figures between the periods of 2010 to 2013, it can be identified that the trading pattern appears to have dropped to a certain extent during the period of 2013. The graph projected below will help to understand this difference in an appropriate manner. The above mentioned two graphs clearly stated about the import and the export patterns of Singapore at the present currency rate i.e. Singapore $1~ $0.80 USD. Respectively, it can be stated that the export rate within the four fiscal years have elevated, which has apparently brought in huge loads of foreign exchange in comparison to that of the imported rates regardless of the fact that the import rates have also elevated much. However, if the evaluation is conducted depending on the types of import and

Development of Zostavax

Development of Zostavax Shingles vaccine, Zostavax, has been available since 2006, and is gaining in popularity among adults older than fifty years old. In order to alleviate any misconceptions of the vaccine or the disease process, a discussion of the disease, effectiveness of the vaccine, proper administration, safety precautions, complications, and immunity process will be highlighted by utilizing evidenced based studies and practices. It is through proper knowledge and patient education that the adverse effects of shingles, as well as other communicable diseases, can be prevented and provide a better quality of life for those at risk for shingles. Shingles is a debilitating disease caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox and will affect one in three people (Hall, 2010). Chickenpox are caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and most commonly acquired during childhood (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). One important point is that one cannot develop shingles unless they have had chickenpox or have received the chickenpox vaccine (Hall, 2010). Shingles is an exacerbation caused by the virus, which hides in the dorsal root ganglion of the central nervous system for years after infection of chickenpox or years after administration of the chickenpox vaccine. Some of the first symptoms of shingles are headache or sensitivity to light, or one may have flu like symptoms without a fever (American Pharmacists Association, 2009). The inflammation reaction of shingles takes place when the dormant virus has the opportunity to become active, commonly in adults over fif ty years old with a weakened immune system (Hall, 2010). When active, the virus will travel down the nerve from the dorsal root ganglion and cause a reaction to take place on the skin. The reaction is concentrated to the nerve root, also known as a dermatome, that is affected, which is presented by a distinctive irritating rash that begins at the midline of the back and follows the nerve root around the torso toward the front in a horizontal fashion. The rash has also been known to affect the face. The rash is usually unilateral, but is some cases the rash may be bilateral (DHHS, CDC, 2012). The rash associated with shingles is very painful and has an intense itching and tingling sensation, which is followed by clusters of blisters. The blisters are filled with fluid and then after some time burst and crust over. These blisters may leave scars on the skin, and may take two to four weeks to heal. The blisters are only contagious to people who have not had chickenpox or have not recei ved the chickenpox vaccine, and one will only contract the chickenpox virus, not shingles (Hall, 2010). When the shingles vaccine was first approved in 2006 by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), it was intended for those sixty years old and above (Laustsen Neilson, 2007). The potency of Zostavax is at least fourteen times greater than the chickenpox vaccine (DHHS, CDC, 2012). The effectiveness of the vaccine, Zostavax, was studied using eight different randomized controlled trials which included a total of 52,269 participants (Gagliardi, Gomes, Torioni, Soares, 2010). The study concluded that the vaccine was most effective in the sixty to sixty-nine year old age group, although this age group had the greatest number of side effects (Gagliardi et al., 2010). In a more recent study to determine the effectiveness in fifty to fifty-nine year olds, the use of Zostavax was shown to be effective (Schmader et al., 2012). The results of the study proved to be over seventy percent effective in the fifty to fifty-nine age group (Schmader et al., 2012). The use of the Zostavax vaccine to re duce the effects of shingles on activities of daily living has also been proven to be effective for older adults (Singh Subhashni, 2011). Due to this new study the age limit was changed to fifty years old and above. This change by the FDA proves that the vaccine is effective in preventing shingles in the aging population. Therefore proper education of adults fifty and older with regards to shingles should be a mainstay of intervention. Informing these adults of the serious consequences of not being vaccinated against shingles should also be incorporated into community education. The administration of the shingles vaccine Zostavax is a simplistic procedure and starts with proper storage and handling. Zostavax must be stored or shipped at temperatures between -58ÂÂ °F to +5ÂÂ °F (DHHS, CDC, 2012). Before reconstitution, Zostavax is a live attenuated vaccine that is a solid white powder and is brought to room temperature prior to administration (APhA, 2009). The powder is reconstituted with sterile water and should be 0.65mL when diluted. When reconstituting, the use of sterile syringe and needle is required. Once the vaccine is mixed, it is only good for up to thirty minutes. The administration of the vaccine is done by withdrawing the entire contents of the mixed vial, which is 0.65mL, in to a sterile syringe. Once the vaccine is drawn up into the syringe discard the needle use to puncture the seal and replace with a new sterile needle prior to administration. The entire contents of the syringe are to be injected subcutaneously by using a 1mL syring e with a 5/8 23 gauge needle. The injection site suggested by the FDA is the posterolateral aspect of the upper arm using a 45ÂÂ ° angle of entry. Prior to entry of the skin, wipe the site with an alcohol swab and allow to dry. Inject the vaccine at a moderate pace, one to four seconds. After injection remove the needle, activate the safety device and discard in proper sharps container. Next, apply light pressure to the site using a sterile cotton ball to discourage bleeding and apply a bandage if needed or desired. Be sure to keep an eye on the patient for a minimum of fifteen minutes to observe for signs of an adverse reaction. The signs for an adverse reaction can be itching, redness, hives; swelling of the lips, face, or throat; shortness of breath or wheezing; abdominal cramping; or cardiovascular collapse. A request for water, indicating thirst, and difficulty breathing shortly after vaccination are the first hint from a patient that anaphylaxis may occur. Do not give the patient anything to drink, and instruct the patient to sit down. If anaphylaxis is occurring, immediately enact emergency protocols. The use of epinephrine is the first line treatment for acute anaphylaxis. The general dose is based on the patients body weight, 0.01mg/kg up to a maximum dose of 0.5mg per dose. The dose of epinephrine may be repeated every five to twenty minutes, and is based on the patients response (APhA, 2009). Zostavax is classified as a live attenuated vaccine, which means that a wild virus is modified in a laboratory. During the modification process of the wild virus, it is weakened during the production process and therefore usually will not cause the disease. Once the vaccine is injected into the body, the live attenuated viruses must undergo replication in order to produce an immune response. The live vaccine has shown to be effective with one or two doses and have proven to be more effective than inactivated vaccines (APhA, 2009). Zostavax is an artificial active immunity, in which the subject is exposed to the live weakened wild pathogen. The exposure to the vaccine is artificial in nature, meaning the patient is injected with the weakened form of the virus to produce immunity. It is artificial active immunity that produces a prolonged effectiveness against shingles and also protects the patient against the disease without the risk of developing complications from having shingles. The immunity takes a couple of weeks to produce an antibody level sufficient enough to provide protection against shingles (APhA, 2009). The immune response is a complex process. First the subject needs to be exposed to the antigen, in this case the varicella zoster virus. The exposure to the virus allows for replication of the virus in the body. Once the immune system detects the antigen(s), two types of acquired immune responses occur, the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Both immune responses usually occur at the same time and cause a cascade of immune responses in order to eliminate the antigen(s). Both immune responses are mediated by many types of lymphocytes. They are two dominant types of lymphocytes, the B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. The B lymphocytes arise and mature in the bone marrow, while the T lymphocytes arise in the bone marrow and then circulate to the thymus where they mature. Both B and T cells circulate in the blood looking for any foreign antibodies, and if detected an immune response will be activated (APhA, 2009). The humoral response is mediated by the B cells, which contain a unique receptor that is specific to only one antigen. When a B cell finds a matching antigen in the blood, it will bind to the antigen and activate the humoral immune response. This response functions by developing antigen-specific antibodies, which are responsible for recognizing and neutralizing the specific antigen. When the humoral response is begun, the B cells proliferate and mature into plasma cells. It is these plasma cells that make millions of identical antibodies to the specific antigen in which was encountered. The newly formed antibodies are then released into the bloodstream to find and bind to the antigen, which forms an antigen-antibody complex. The antigen-antibody complexes are then cleared by the immune system by phagocytosis and the complement system. After the elimination of the antigens, some of the B cells remain in the immune system as memory B cells; the memory B cells are there to defend agains t a future invasion of the same antigen (APhA, 2009). The cell mediated immune response involves the helper T cells, which are a type of T lymphocyte. The helper T cells do not directly bind to antigens; they are activated when they encounter infected cells that contain antigen fragments on the cells surface. The activated helper T cells secrete cytokines, which are chemical mediators that direct an immune response by recruiting additional immune cells to the area of infection. The cytokines signal helper T cells to perform many different functions. One of which the helper T cells stimulate additional B cells to activate antigen-specific antibodies; this will induce production of antibodies to fight the antigen. Next, the helper T cells will recruit macrophages and other immune cells to the area of infection which complements the destruction and elimination of the antigen. Finally the helper T cells can activate cytotoxic T cells, which can identify and kill infected cells. Once the antigen has been removed from the subject, the body wi ll retain a certain number of B cells and T cells to remember the antigen which results in immunologic memory. It is these remaining cells that can give a subject a specific immunity that can last from years to decades, or even a lifetime (APhA, 2009). Since the introduction of Zostavax in 2006 the CDC is continuing to reach the at risk populations to help educate and vaccinate against shingles as well as other preventable communicable diseases. It is the proper knowledge and education of at risk populations, that we have seen an improvement in quality of life revolving around proper up-to-date vaccination. Through continued community education and proper placement of public and volunteer educators, the misconceptions of shingles and vaccination can be alleviated as long as up-to-date evidenced based healthcare information is provided to the at risk populations.

Essay --

â€Å"Success is no accident. It is hard work, perseverance, learning, studying, sacrifice and most of all, love of what you are doing or learning to do.† This is a quote by Pele that demonstrates soccer in so many ways. Today I will tell you that there are many aspects in the game of soccer, some of which are the history, the rules and how to become a good soccer player. Soccer is the most popular sport evolved from as far back as the Han dynasty in 200-300 B.C. According to the Complete Book of Soccer, the Chinese played with a wet piece of balled up cloth, trying to kick the cloth through the two bamboo poles. This was the start of the great game of soccer. According to the Complete Book of Soccer, in Europe, soccer did not start till the later 14th century. It is said to be a game of kicking rubber balls in the streets of the British Isles for bragging rights. This then lead to teams building up against each other for bragging rights in England. Unfortunately for the United States, the game did not appear till the 1900th century. â€Å"The American Soccer Association was organized in New...

Dominant Management Philosophy of Whirlpool Corporation Essay

I hereby present the analysis of the dominant management philosophy of Whirlpool Corporation for evaluating whether our company shall acquire Whirlpool. Whirlpool’s management is strongly committed to build strong brands and a growing loyal consumer base via its brand value creation strategy based on diversity, innovation, cost productivity and corporate social responsibility. Whirlpool knows the art of leveraging its wide array of strong brands to serve strategically different & geographically widespread markets. Innovation is Whirlpool Corporation’s differentiating strategy giving it a significant competitive advantage. Every Whirlpool Brand aims at understanding the unique consumer needs and converting them into products and services, thus, creating unmatched customer loyalty resulting in high revenue growths and superior return to the global investors. Whirlpool’s revenue has grown by 7. 3 % ; it has returned $ 502 million to shareholders, during the year ended December 2007. Apart from strong brands, Whirlpool has a well diversified customer, product and employee base. A wide range of products allows the company to cater to a large and diverse range of consumers all across the globe, thus, providing it with diversified range of revenue streams. It strategically explores new markets and then uses its strong brands ; value creation strategies to enter those markets where product penetration level is still low. For example, India with a population of 1. billion and an expected home appliances market size of $ 4 billion clicked as a high growth market. Whirlpool has already captured 25% of Indian market. It has well defined code of ethics covering 14 aspects of business and the same is well-embedded throughout the organization. Whirlpool is listed 18th on World 100 Best Corporate Citizens by Business ethics magazine and among the Top 25 Most Respected U. S. Companies by the Reputation Institute. This demonstrates strong consumer trust, which can be leveraged to fuel higher turnover.

Explore the Ways in Which Bullies and Victims Are Present in Lord of the Flies and Dna Essay

English coursework, James Luxton Explore the ways in which bullies and victims are presented in Lord of the Flies and DNA. Bullies and Victims play vital roles in both the novel and the play. The authors, Golding and Kelly, both put their characters through similar trials. In Lord of the Flies, Golding’s characters turn from normal school boys, to savages who are prepared to kill one another to gain power. Golding suggests that under certain circumstances, people will naturally begin to become more violent and savage. In DNA the characters are thrust into a world of secrecy where they have to cover things up to save themselves, Kelly himself wrote this; ‘I don’t think I write characters who are bad, I think I write characters who are trying to do the right thing, but are failing’. Kelly gives no description to the lives of his characters before the death of Adam, suggesting that they may have lead innocent lives, but they have been thrust into a world of violence that spirals out of contro l. In Lord of the Flies, Golding impresses upon the reader how children’s judgements of their peers are based around their physical appearance which will directly impact whether they are seen as possible leaders or victims. In contrast, Kelly gives us no description of his characters’ appearance and offers no real clear reason why Adam is the victim; in this way the violence is less readily understood, and ultimately more frightening. Golding clearly demonstrates to the reader how physical appearance effects a character’s treatment in the opening chapter of Lord of the Flies. Even though they have just survived a plane crash and are apparently the only survivors on the island, Ralph constantly snubs Piggy; based on the fact that Piggy is fat, has asthma, and also wears glasses. Ralph shuns him, despite Piggy being incredibly intelligent, and it is Piggy who suggests most of the things for the boys to do, such as using the conch to call an assembly. Ralph doesn’t realise the true value of Piggy until after his death. ‘There was no Piggy to talk sense’ shows Ralph’s despair. When he really needed help, Piggy was always there to offer advice, whereas now, after his death, Ralph doesn’t know what to do. Through this Golding is inferring that people judge others solely on their appearance, and people who appear weak will always be targeted by society, no matter how intelligent they are. In complete contrast, Kelly gives the reader no description of any character in DNA, and in fact no description of the  scenery. Kelly gives no clear indication of why Adam is the victim, which suggests that any other one of the characters in the play may have been the victim, and on a much wider scale, it suggests that anybody in society may be susceptible to becoming a victim; this makes the violence that the group inflict on Adam much more frightening, because we are more likely to think that this could even happen to us. Kelly shows us through his depiction of Adam just how desperate some people are to become part of a group. Adam must continually show loyalty to them all in order to feel safe. They become so desperate to be popular and accepted by people, they are willing to do anything for the group or the people in power; to the point where they are literally willing to risk their lives. Kelly also depicts just how far a group of ‘bullies’ will go to test loyalty. The group made Adam ‘run across the motorway’ and ‘nick some Vodka’; these criminal and life-threateni ng activities were readily undertaken by Adam even though Jan acknowledges that ‘you could tell he was scared’. Alarmingly, the group were simply testing ‘how far he’ll go’. Kelly demonstrates how groups can manipulate people and exploit their fear and desperation to belong rather than be alone. . Kelly shows this through Mark when he says ‘we can make him do, we can make him do-‘ Mark’s repletion and unfinished sentence suggests that he was possibly so uncomfortable with what was done that he struggles to fully acknowledge it. Although he claims that they were ‘having a laugh, really, he was laughing’, his words give him away. He sounds as if he is trying to convince himself and the separation of the word’ really’ makes him sound desperate. Golding also suggests to the reader just how desperate people are to become part of a group, and how in some situations, becoming part of a group may literally be a life and death decision. Ralph, Jack and Simon set out to explore the island, and Piggy suggests to Ralph that he should go too, because he ‘was with him when he found the conch’ and he ‘was with him before anyone else was’. Ralph seemingly tries to put Piggy down gently by saying ‘you’re no good on a job like this’ implying, again, because Piggy is fat and has asthma, he won’t be able to keep up and he will be a burden to the other boys. In contrast Jack is blunter with Piggy. He simply says ‘we don’t want you, thre e’s enough’. In this, Jack shows obvious contempt for Piggy. When he firsts speaks to Piggy all he has to offer is ‘you’re talking too much, shut up fatty’. Jack’s obvious loathing of Piggy is evident  throughout the novel. Through Jack’s first contact with Piggy it strengthens the idea that children judge people solely on looks, and as well as this it is obvious that the constant name calling and bullying of Piggy will render him the victim of the boys throughout the novel. Both Golding and Kelly alarm their readers with evidence of real violence from the bullies to their chosen victims. Violence with stones occurs both in Lord of the Flies and DNA, but they have different consequences. In Lord of the Flies the violent acts begins with Maurice and Roger kicking through the littleuns’ sandcastles. Before the arrival of Roger and Maurice, the littleuns’ seem content with being detached from the other boys. Three boys played on the beach, ‘if not happily, at least with absorbed attention’. Golding suggests that the littleuns’ had nothing else to do besides eat, sleep and play, so the novelty of the being able to do anything has worn off, but ‘with absorbed at tention’ indicates they still posses the innocence of childhood, so they carry on playing regardless. In contrast, once Roger and Maurice had kicked over their sandcastles, the littleuns’ seemed disinterested, ‘so they made no protest’. Maurice kicks sand into Percival’s eyes, and his reaction to doing this is interesting. Maurice feels guilt through the description of his actions. Instead of staying with Roger, ‘he muttered something about a swim and broke into a trot’. The use of the word ‘muttered’ is significant because it infers that Maurice is trying to create excuses for himself, which shows unease at his actions. In his decision to run to the boys who are swimming, Golding shows that Maurice wants to detach himself from Roger. It is also noteworthy that he runs away from Roger towards the other boys, inferring that Maurice wishes to distance himself from Roger and the possibility of further actions. Johnny, one of the other littleuns’ playing around the sandcastles, then begins to copy the actions of Maurice; he begins to throw sand into Percival’s eyes. This is reminiscent of the Bandura experiment of 1977, in which he placed an adult in a room with a young child. The adult was given a Bobo doll, which he was told to abuse repeatedly in the presence of the child. The adult then left and the Bobo doll was given to the child. Over time the child would begin the re-enact the actions of the adult, the child would begin to abuse the Bobo doll; this suggests that children are influenced by a person in authority, and that they will copy their actions. Johnny repeats the actions undertaken by  Maurice, and this suggests that natural order on the island is beginning to weaken, and that aggression and violence is taking over, now even the youngest children on the island are beginning to experiment with violence. Golding then demonstrates this experimentation of violence t hrough Roger’s ‘stalking’ of Henry, the third littleun’ that was playing around the sandcastles. Henry ‘wandered off along the beach’, he detaches himself from the rest of group, in this sense his exposes himself and leaves himself vulnerable, but in doing this it shows the reader that he still posses childhood innocence and naivety. Roger follows Henry, hiding in the shadows along the beach. Golding creates and air of menace around roger through his ‘stalking’ of Henry. As well as this he suggests to the reader that Roger has no fear, when coconuts ‘as big as rugby balls’ , ‘fell about him with a series of hard thumps’. This lack of care for his own safety is frightening because he doesn’t think in the expected way of a young child. The violent acts Roger then commits are frightening because they are simply not expected of a young child. Roger ‘picked up a stone, aimed, and threw it at Henry-threw to miss’. But then he doesn’t stop there. He continues with these violent acts, he gathers ‘a handful of stones and began to throw them’. Roger’s violent acts tell the reader that now almost all of the expected childhood innocence has gone, and that the victims are starting to become apparent. The young, weaker children will be picked on because they are ‘batty’ and even some of the older boys such as Piggy and Simon will be targeted by looks and personalities. The violen ce on the island becomes more real and much more terrifying because the violence that would normally be expected of adults is being carried out by young children. In DNA the use of stones is much more violent, to the point where it leads to a death. The group continue to humiliate Adam, and they continue to test his loyalty to the group. They ‘went up the grille.’ They force Adam to climb a fence and go walk over a grille covering a hole. This alone is potentially life threatening to Adam. The group see that he is scared, and the group mind set is simply to taunt him and to humiliate him. They then being to start ‘pegging’ stones at him. The use of the word ‘pegging’ is important because it suggest to the reader that the group are actually trying to hit Adam ‘just for a laugh’. Even when the stones hit Adam directly on the head, they carry on laughing at him, because ‘the shock on his face is so†¦funny.’ When Adam slips and falls into the hole underneath the grille, that’s when it becomes evident that Mark, the character describing the ‘stoning’, realises the consequences of their actions. He repeats ‘so he’s†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ a number of times. It is clear that he is unable to come to terms with the fact that he has participated in a murder, and it takes John Tate, the assumed leader of the group, who earlier banned the word ‘dead’, to finish Mark’s sentence. ‘Dead. He’s dead’. In Lord of the Flies the same violent symbol is used by Jack and Roger. The sharpening of a stick at both ends. The symbol first comes into use after the ‘hunters’ kill a pig. He orders Roger to ‘ram on end in the earth’. After doing this, Jack, who has decapitated that dead pig, then ‘jammed the soft throat down on the pointed end if the stick’ this is the first real sign that the boys have transcende d into savages. Jack then says ‘it’s a gift’ for the beast. Through this it suggests that the boys want to pacify the ‘beast’, and in killing the pig and offering its head it’s almost as if they are worshiping it, as if it has become like a god in which they must pay tribute to. When Roger sharpens the stick at two ends, the meaning of this is much more menacing. The boys have now turned into savages, after the deaths of Piggy and Simon, Jack is adamant that Ralph must be captured, and it is evident that Ralph will eventually be killed after torture if he is caught. Ralph is hiding from the rest of the boys, but he meets Sam’n’Eric one night so he can find out what will happen to him. At first the twins are reluctant to tell him what Jack has planned, but then came ‘the incomprehensible reply’, ‘Roger sharpened a stick a both ends’. Ralph is unable to see the true meaning in this, but it is obvious to the reader that Jack wants the same fate for Ralph, as the pigs head earlier in the novel. Roger throughout the novel is presented as the ruthless bully, from when he was throwing stones at Henry, he was the one who released the rock that killed Piggy, and now it is clear that he has been ordered to literally bring back Ralph’s head. The most frightening moment in DNA comes as a threat from Cathy once she has found Adam. She finds him ‘living in a hedge’ and after she tries to coax him out, Cathy openly admits that she ‘used violence’, she ‘threatened to gouge one of his eyes out’ this is a reference to Shakespeare’s King Lear when Goneril and Reagan rip out Gloucester’s eyes. Cathy throughout the play is shown to be the most frightening character. She is solely motivated by becoming famous through  interviews after Adams memorial, she says ‘it’s quite exciting’, suggesting that she enjoys the violence of the situation and she is enjoying the spot light. She has no consideration for Adam’s well being, she is self absorbed. In Richard’s speech at the end of the play, he tells Phil that Cathy is ‘insane’, and that ‘She cut a first year’s finger off’. Cathy and Roger are similar in that they both seem to enjoy inflicting pain on other people; they both come across as sadists. Their actions are terrifying to the audience because their extreme acts of violence would normally have been carried out by adults, but because they are both children, and Roger being so young, the violence is much more frightening. In Richards’s final speech in DNA, he is sitting in a field talking to Phil. This reminds us Leah, who throughout the play has long monologs when she is talking at Phil, in hope of a response. Phil blanks Richard, which tells the audience that he shuts out everybody, and that his silence wasn’t personal to Leah. The scene also suggests that nothing has changed, and it makes the audience reflect on the characters. Golding’s portrayal of the boys stays clearly on the same route. It’s suggested that Jack is evil and that evil continues through the novel, whereas Kelly makes us remember in the final scene of Leah, through Richard, and that Kelly wants to make us reflect on our views of each character, because they could be interchangeable, and they can represent anyone in society.